Rwanda News Agency/Agence Rwandaise d'Information (Kigali)
24 December 2007
Kigali — Late one night, Mr. Jean Leonard Karuranga heard a commotion outside his house in Kigali, Rwanda. There were loud voices and then a sharp cry. Too scared to venture outside alone, Mr. Karuranga used his mobile phone to call a local security group that protects the neighbourhood from marauding gangsters.
Now, as Mr. Itai Madamombe writes in the United Nations Africa Renewal magazine, Mr. Karuranga is set to benefit from a host of fast and reliable services that the new broadband cable projects being constructed on the African continent will bring along.
"The defence force found my cousin bleeding right outside my gate. Thugs had stabbed and robbed him," Karuranga said. "We rushed him to the hospital just in time. If I didn't have a cell phone, we would be talking of something else. He was saved by the mobile phone."
Mr. Karuranga is one of an estimated 120 million Africans using phones, up from just 2 million in 1998. Mobile phones, reports the London Business School, account for most of this increase. Their study, Africa: the Impact of Mobile Phones, notes that over the last five years Africa has enjoyed faster growth in cell phone use than any other region in the world.
That growth is set to accelerate further. Twenty-three coastal and landlocked countries in East and Southern Africa have finalized plans for an undersea cable that could make telephone and Internet use more available and affordable.
The project is an important part of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), said Edmund Katiti, an expert with the e-Africa Commission. The commission oversees telecommunications activities for NEPAD and seeks to promote development of the continent's communications network.
Integrating Africa
"The submarine cable will achieve NEPAD's goal to integrate African countries by lowering communications costs through a network owned and operated predominantly by African entities," Mr. Katiti told Africa Renewal. "Africa is wasting over a billion dollars a year in transfer fees."
If someone in Mozambique makes a call to Angola, he noted, the connection may need to pass through the UK and France before returning to Africa, adding greatly to the cost. A comprehensive cable network, observes Kai Wulff, the managing director of Kenya Data Network, a private company, would cut the cost of communicating across Africa by about 50 per cent.
The western coast of Africa, from Morocco to South Africa, already has a cable that was built five years ago. Similarly, a cable connects the entire North African coast with the Red Sea. The East African cable, Mr. Katiti said, would provide the final link in the African cable network.
Countries on Africa's eastern coast now rely on expensive satellite services to transmit voices or data. Putting up a satellite costs about $5,000 per megabyte of capacity, compared to only $500 per megabyte for cable. Cable also has a higher capacity than satellite transmissions, can carry more calls at once and delivers faster connections.
Currently, Mr. Katiti explained, "People go to an Internet cafe with a newspaper. They read one article while the page is loading, waiting for the next page to open. But with this new technology, they click and the page is there." Known as the East African Submarine Cable System, or EASSy, it will run for 9,900 kilometres, between South Africa and Sudan. Its estimated cost is $300 mn.
Countries on the coastline will tap directly into the cable and also serve as transmission points for landlocked countries. Most countries already have telecommunications networks, but need to expand their capacities, notes Issa Semtawa, the communications manager for the Tanzania Telecommunications Company. "The cable will provide large capacity to our countries," Mr. Semtawa stressed. "It is up to us to get ready to make full use of this capacity."
'Things have to change'
Construction of the cable has been stalled for almost four years. But at a meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, in July 2006, 29 private and state-run entities agreed to have it ready for commercial service by early 2008. Officials say they needed time to build consensus on the best way of financing the project, to ensure that the technology will be delivered at the cheapest cost to consumers.
"We are trying to avert a situation where the project becomes an entity registered and owned elsewhere," commented Sammy Kirui, chairman of the EASSy secretariat. The stakeholders in the project will jointly fund the cable, but all licenced telecommunications operators will be able to buy its services at the same price as investors, thereby fostering competition.
Experts agree that if not used correctly, the new cable could become a missed opportunity. Anriette Esterhuysen, executive director of the Association for Progressive Communications, notes that the West Africa cable has not provided the expected reduction in user costs because the system is largely controlled by state-owned monopolies that do not allow free competition, which would bring prices down.
According to NEPAD's Mr. Katiti, the EASSy project offers hope that Africa's "digital divide" may one day be bridged. The current situation, he said, reflects a "paradox where the poorest continent pays the highest fees for communicating, so people keep getting poorer. With the East African submarine cable and a great policy framework for the region, we are saying: 'We can't tolerate this anymore. Things have to change'."
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