BuaNews (Tshwane)
Luyanda Makapela
13 October 2008
Johannesburg — The virus which has caused the death of three people has been provisionally identified as the rodent-borne Arenavirus.
The Arenavirus, related to the Lassa Fever Virus of West Africa, causes chronic infections in multimammate mice. Infected mice's excretion contains the virus which can contaminate human food or house dust.
A joint statement by the National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICD) and the Department of Health explained that the Arenavirus is a disease spread from human to human through the contact of body fluids.
"Special precautions are required in nursing patients," a statement said.
The finding follows blood samples being sent to Atlanta, in the United States to determine the cause of the deaths of three people who had been suspected of contracting Viral Haemorrhagic Fever.
The virus is similar to Lassa Fever, the department said. It has previously been found in rodents elsewhere in Africa, but has not been found to cause disease in humans other than in West Africa.
Further tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis by growing the virus in culture.
"It needs to be determined whether it is a previously unrecognised member of the Areaviruses, and what its distribution is. There is no indication as yet that Arenaviruses which cause disease in humans are present in South African rodents," the NICD said.
The first victim, who had to be flown in from Zambia in a critical condition, was admitted to the Morningside Medi-Clinic in mid September. She died two days later.
About two weeks later, the paramedic who had flown in with the first victim, was admitted at the same clinic presenting the same symptoms.
A nurse, Gladys Mthembu died shortly afterwards. According to certain reports Ms Mthembu's family has been given a go-ahead to continue with the funeral arrangements as her bedroom had been cordoned off by health officials
Maria Mokubung, a cleaner at the Morningside Medi-Clinic, who also died last weekend has since been ruled out as a possible victim of the virus
Meanwhile the Gauteng Health Department has confirmed that the three other patients, including nurse's female supervisor, who had been under observation for showing symptoms of the virus have been discharged.
They had been in contact with the nurse who died.
However, departmental spokesperson Phumelele Kaunda said there were two contacts that were still under active surveillance after being admitted for observation.
The one patient is a paramedic who had contact with the first patient and developed fever and flu-like symptoms. He was admitted initially in Flora Clinic and then transferred to Morningside Medi-Clinic with a diagnosis of kidney stones.
The other patient is a nurse who attended to the second patient and developed signs and symptoms similar to the first three patients. She is being treated in isolation and received the anti-viral medication, ribavirin. The patient is presently stable.
Gauteng Health MEC Brian Hlongwa meanwhile has sent condolences to the families of those that were killed by the viral infection, particularly families of health professionals who died in the line of duty.
"This illustrates the dedication of our health professionals and the need to society to respect and honour the work that they do," said MEC Hlongwa.
He also thanked the NICD, the National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta and the World Health Organisation for ensuring that the results were made available soon.
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