Daily Independent (Lagos)

Nigeria: U.S. Apology for Slavery, Victory for Anti-Racism

By Austin Oboh, 24 June 2009

Lagos — The United States Congress, for the first time in its 230-year history, issued a formal apology for slavery and segregation. It described that dark period in America's history as inhuman.

Significantly, the apology did not agree with the payment of reparations as long agitated for by African political activists and intellectuals. The Senators who issued the apology on Capitol Hill on Thursday, last week, condemned centuries of injustice caused by slavery. In a strongly worded document, the Congress unanimously voted to acknowledge the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery and Jim Crow laws." The apology stated that the US Congress "apologises on behalf of the people of the United States for the wrongs committed against them and their ancestors who suffered under slavery and Jim Crow laws."

If the House of Representatives pass a similar measure as expected this week, it will mark the highest effort to apologise for the wrongs of the past. The recent apology is coming after a similar effort failed to make it to the United State's Senate in 2008 though it had been passed in the lower chamber. The resolution affirmed the "principle that all people are created equal and endowed with inalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and calls on all people of the United States to work towards eliminating racial prejudices, injustices and discrimination from our society."

The resolution was sponsored by Democrat Tom Harkin, who noted that Congress had never before issued a formal apology for slavery. "It's long past due. A national apology by the representative body of the people is a necessary collective response to a past collective injustice," Harkin said, adding, "so it is both appropriate and imperative that Congress fulfill its moral obligation and officially apologise for slavery and Jim Crow laws."

Jim Crow laws were enshrined in the US Constitution to segregate blacks and whites.

The Senate action comes more than 40 years after the Civil Rights Act was passed, 146 years after President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and in the same year Barack Obama was sworn in as the first African-American president.

The non-binding resolution, which does not have the force of law, includes a disclaimer stating that the measure does not authorise or support reparations for the descendants of African slaves brought to the United States before the Civil War. The inclusion of the disclaimer in the Senate resolution has drawn sharp criticism from members of the Congressional Black Caucus.

Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, was quoted as saying that "no one pretends that a mere apology or any words can right the wrongs of the past, but it represents our recognition of the past and our commitment to fully live up to our nation's promise."

Former President Bill Clinton, while in office, had expressed regret for the act while George W. Bush described it as "one of the greatest crimes of history. But they stopped short of a proper apology. Some states in the country had also adopted resolutions expressing regret for slavery, but no formal bill at the national level was officially passed.

The resolution also fell on June 19, being the celebration of the freedom of African-Americans at the end of the Civil War in 1865.

Plans are in the works for a ceremony in the Capitol rotunda on July 7 to commemorate the action of the congress, according to reports.

Writers have noted that Congress does not often offer formal apologies. In recent times, through the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Congress apologised to the Japanese who were forced to live in internment camps during World War II. The Senate has also adopted an amendment apologising for the U.S. legacy of brutality against Native Americans. In 2005, the Senate adopted a resolution apologising for its history of filibustering legislation designed to combat lynching of African Americans during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Advocates who say black Americans should be compensated for slavery and its Jim Crow aftermath appear to be gaining victories and momentum. Fueled by the work of scholars and lawyers, their campaign has grown in recent years from a fringe-group rallying cry into sophisticated, mainstream movement. Recently, a pair of churches apologised for their part in the slave trade, and one is studying ways to repay black Church members.

The overall issue, it has been claimed, is hardly settled; even among black Americans: Some say that focusing on slavery should not be a top priority or that it does not make sense to compensate people generations after a historical wrong.

The Senate action was the latest attempt by Congress to deal with a prickly issue that has sparked debate for at least 20 years among some politicians and civil rights activists. There are significant differences between this proposed congressional apology and the apology passed by the US House last year. The House apology did not trouble to say that it could not serve as a basis for a legal claim for reparations. Furthermore, that apology also committed the House "to rectify the lingering consequences" of slavery and discrimination, which comes remarkably close to calling for reparations for slavery.

The resolution was introduced with eight co-sponsors: Sen. Christopher Bond (R-Mo.), Sen. Sam Brownback (R-Kans.), Sen. Thad Cochran (R-Miss.), Sen. Richard Durbin (D-Ill.), Sen. Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.), Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.), Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.), and Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.).

The resolution is entitled "A concurrent resolution apologising for the enslavement and racial segregation of African Americans." As a concurrent resolution, the apology would be voted on by the Senate and then the House, becoming a joint statement of Congress if approved by both chambers. A concurrent resolution expresses the sentiments of both houses of Congress; unlike a joint resolution, a concurrent resolution is not submitted to the president and does not have the force of law.

Tagged: External Relations, Human Rights, Nigeria, U.S., Canada and Africa, West Africa

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Comments 1 to 3 of 3 Post a comment

  • larryed4879
    Jun 25 2009, 14:18
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    What? This is no more than empty words to most descendants of slaves. All of the many deaths and many years of working for free to build up this country to be a superpower and it is worth $0 to us? The apology is only an insult without reparations. In fact it is the ultimate extreme insult. The USA is comprised of 50 states. Why not let Blacks at least have one of the states for their own self-government. What are the whites afraid of? Is it because they are afraid that Blacks would succeed and be more prosperous than whites? We believe so. We must have some of this earth so we can feel like a whole people.

  • shipley130
    Jun 25 2009, 19:12
    Report Abuse

    Succeed like Africa has? Doesn't some African nations support the use of slaves even today? If the supporters of repirations start with a list of "offenders" they will be looking right back at some African nations.

  • upliftdarace_144
    Jun 26 2009, 02:20
    Report Abuse

    COMPREHENSIVE REPARATIONS - White Europeans need spiritual reparations

    - Black Africans need spiritual & financial reparations

    A. Appendix of Uncle Tom's Cabin Lists Companies who engaged in slavery

    B. NAACP & Black African Newspapers - records & details of lynchings

    1. Post Emancipation Slavery Cases (Convict Labor System Continues) via Modern Slavery Owners –

    2. Prison Stock Wall Street

    3. No Statute of Limitations on Murder ;[ LYNCHINGS ]

    BOOKNOTES FROM THE BOOK (and other sources) “ 100 YEARS OF LYNCHING “ BY RALPH GINZBURG

    [A – H victims ] - THEIR LOCATIONS & DATES

    * Henry Askew – Mississippi City, MS June 10, 1900

    * Walter Allen – Rome, GA Apr 1, 1902

    * Herman Arthur (1892) – Hodge’s Farm - Paris, TX July 6, 1920

    * Irving Arthur (1901) – Hodge’s Farm - Paris, TX July 6, 1920

    * Charles Atkins (1907) – Davisboro , GA May 18, 1922

    * Henry Argo (1911) – Chickasha , OK May 31, 1930

    * George Armwood (1909) – Princess Anne, MD Oct 18, 1933

    * Will Burks (1881) – Greenwood,SC Feb 18, 1900

    * James Bailey – Lake Cormorant, TX July 15, 1914

    * Jeff Brown – Cedar Bluff, MS Apr 1, 1916

    * Cleveland Butler – Dublin, GA July 2, 1919

    * Will Brown – Omaha, NE Oct, 1919

    * William Bowles – Eagle Lake, FL ????????

    * Jake Brooks – Oklahoma City, OK Jan 17, 1922

    * Parks Banks – Yazoo City, MS Aug 22, 1922

    * Albert Blades – Osceola, AR June 2, 1926

    * Willie Bryan (1906) – Darien, GA Sept 10, 1930

    * Norris Bendy – Clinton, SC July 5, 1933

    * Richard Coleman (1879) – Maysville, KY Dec 6, 1899

    * Elijah Clark (1880) – Huntsville, AL June 23, 1900

    * Ballie Crutchfield – Nashville, TN March 16, 1901

    * Dusty Crutchfield - Hamilton, GA Jan 23, 1912

    * Eugene Carter – Pierce City, MO Aug 10, 1901

    * Tom Clark – Corinth,MS Sept 28, 1904

    * Luther Colbert & His Wife– Eastland Plantation - Doddsville, MS July 7, 1914

    * William Carr – Planquemines, LA March 17, 1906

    * James Comeaux – Jennings, LA Aug 28, 1913

    * Henry Crosby – Parkinsville, KY Sept 21, 1913

    * Mary Conley – Arlington, GA Oct 4, 1916

    * Lloyd Clay (1895) – Jackson, MS June 4, 1919

    * Eli Cooper – Eastman, GA - Burned Lodges & Churches too Aug 29, 1919

    * Dallas Cooksey – Johnson City, TN Oct 28, 1920

    * “Shap” Curry (1896) – King Ranch - Kirvin, TX May 6, 1922

    * John Cornish (1903) – King Ranch - Kirvin, TX May 6, 1922

    * Samuel Carter (1877) – Bronson, FL - This actual lynching was depicted In the movie “Rosewood “ Jan 4, 1923

    * Lindsay Coleman – Nicholas Plantation - Clarksdale, MS Dec 19, 1928

    * Henry Choate (1909) – Columbia, TN Nov 12, 1927

    * Cord Cheeck (1913) – Columbia, TN Dec 15, 1933

    * John Criggs (ca. 1904) – Newton, TX - Worked At Box Factory June 21, 1934

    * Richard Dickerson – Springfield, OH Feb 7, 1904 ?

    * Jim Durfee – Angleton , TX Oct 14, 1914

    * Frank Dodd – DeWitt, AR Oct 9, 1914

    * George Dorsey (1919) & Wife - Monroe, GA July 27, 1946

    * Charles Evan – Norway, SC July 2, 1903

    * Ruben Elrod – Piedmont, SC July 2, 1903

    * Warren Eton – Monroe, LA Oct 22, 1913

    * Charles Fisher – Marshall, TX April 29, 1914

    * John Foreman + 1 / - Nowata, OK Sept 30, 1916

    * Jim Fox – Louisville, MS June 13, 1927

    * Mark Fox – Louisville , MS June 13, 1927

    * Gulley (whole name unkown) – Pierce City, MO Aug 10, 1901

    * Richard Galloway + 1 / Beaumont, TX June 6, 1913

    * Wilson Gardner – Birmingham, AL Aug 25, 1913

    * Willie Green – Cowards, SC Dec 6, 1914

    * Ernest Glenwood ? – Americus, GA Oct 3, 1919

    * Philip Gathans ? – Rincon, GA June 21, 1920

    * George Gay (1897) – Fairfield, TX Dec 14, 1922

    * George Grant – Darien, GA Sept 10, 1930

    * David Gregory – Beaumont, TX Dec 8, 1933

    * Sam Holt – Newman, GA Apr 23, 1899

    * Belle Hathaway – Hamilton, GA Jan 23, 1912

    * Eugene Hamming – Hamilton, GA Jan 23, 1912

    * Hammet, Jess ? – Vivian, LA Aug 26, 1916

    * George Holden – Monroe, LA May 1, 1919

    * Robert Hicks (1896) – Lake Village, AR Nov 29, 1921

    * Len Hart (1889) – Jacksonville, FL Aug 25, 1913

    * George Hughes (1889) – Sherman, TX May 10, 1930

    * Ellwood Higginbotham – Oxford, MS Sept 18, 1935

    [I – Q victims ] - THEIR LOCATIONS & DATES

    * Ron Jacobs– Tylertown, Mississippi - Nov 10, 1920

    * Henry Jacobs– Tylertown, Mississippi - Nov 23, 1920

    * Richard James – Versailles, KY Mar 13, 1921

    * Moses Jones – King Ranch, Kirvin, TX May 6, 1922

    * Joe Love – Clarksdale, MS June 9, 1934

    * Wesley Johnson – Montgomery, AL June 4, 1937

    * Ray Newsome –H.A. Woods Farm–Pinetta, FL Oct 1, 1921

    * Nash Nelson (1909) –Ringgold, LA Feb 20, 1933

    * Andrew McCloud (1908) – Bastrop, LA July 9, 1934

    * Claude Neal (1911) – Marianna, FL Oct 27, 1934

    * “Bootjack” McDaniels – Duck Hill, MS Apr 14, 1937

    * Wilder McGowan (1914) – Wiggins, MS Nov 22, 1938

    * Roger Malcolm (1919) & His Wife – Monroe, GA July 27, 1916

    Warren ? (1906) – New Dacus, TX June 24, 1922

    An African American - Pilot Point, TX Dec 29, 1922

    Clarence ? – Aiken, SC Oct 8, 1926

    Bertha ? – Aiken, SC Oct 8, 1926

    Demon ? – Aiken, SC Oct 8, 1926

    Willie Kirkland – Magnolia Gardens, GA Sept 25, 1936 ?

    ??? - Ninety-Six, SC Oct 9, 1933

    Wylie McNeely (1902) – Leesburg, TX Oct 11, 1921

    John Peterson – Demark, SC – ca. 1899

    F.D. McLand - Shreveport, LA – June 19, 1901

    John Pennington – Enterprise, AL – August 7, 1901

    Pierce City African Americans –Pierce City, MO –August 20,1901

    Dudley Morgan – Lansing, TX – May 22, 1902

    Ed Johnson – Knoxville, TN – March 19, 1906

    Judge James – Pine Bluff, AR – March 26, 1910

    15–20 Negroes –Slocum-Denisons Springs-Palestine,TX7/31/1910

    Honea Path – Augusta, GA – November 13, 1916 ?

    John Moore – Hamilton, GA – January 23, 1912

    Tom Miles – Shreveport, LA – April 9, 1912

    A/A Man – Jackson, GA – May 4, 1912

    Willis Perkins – Sheffield, AL – Sept, 1912

    Walter Johnston – Princeton, WVA – September 7, 1912

    ???? Perrys – Marshall, TX – February 27, 1913

    Joe & John Perry – Henderson, NC – March 12, 1913

    Richard Puckett – Laurens, SC – August 12, 1913

    Lige Lane – Clinton County, GA – 1913

    Charley Jones – Groveton, GA – May 8, 1914

    Watson Lewis – Sylvester, GA? – December 13, 1914

    Felix Lake – Sylvester, GA - January 22, 1916

    Frank Lake – Sylvester, GA - January 22, 1916

    Dewer Lake – Sylvester, GA - January 22, 1916

    Major Lake – Sylvester, GA - January 22, 1916

    Oscar Martin – Idabel, OK – April 4, 1916

    Two A/As – Paducah, KY – October 16, 1916

    Will Powell – Montgomery, AL – July 25, 1917

    Jesse Powell – Montgomery, AL – July 25, 1917

    Ell Persons – Memphis, TN – May 18, 1917

    Jim McIlherron – Estill Springs, TN – February 13, 1918

    William Little – Blakely, GA – April 4, 1919

    [R – Z (victims ] - THEIR LOCATIONS & DATES

    Wells, George – Weir City, KS – October 30, 1899

    Rice, Louis – Ripley, TN – March 24, 1900

    Russ, Ed – Mississippi City, MS – June 10, 110

    Sanders, John + (1?) – Sneads, FL – June, 1900

    Reid, George – Rome, GA – January 4, 1900

    Ward, George – Terre Haute, IN – February 27, 1900

    Smith, Frank “Prophet”- Shreveport, LA – June 19, 1901

    Wyatt, David S, - Belleville, IL – June 8, 1900

    White, George F. – Wilmington, DE – June 20, 1903

    Steers, Jennie – Beard Plantation/Shreveport, LA- July 27, 1903

    A/A Residents – Whitesboro , TX – August 12, 1904

    Winters, John – Eastland Plantation/Doddsville, MS –Feb 7, 1904

    A/A Residents – Springfield, OH – February 9, 1904

    Nine (9) A/As – St. Charles , AR – March 25, 1904

    Richardson, Grant – Braehead, AL – October 13, 1910

    Verge , Sam – Demopolis, AL – August 4, 1911

    Qualken, Zachariah – Coatesville, PA – August 14, 1911

    Rufficant , ? – Wetumpka, AL – November 11, 1912

    Ricker, David (1883) –Houston, TX – February 8, 1913

    Williams, Andrew – Houston, TX – February, 1913

    Tyson, Charles (secret lynching) – Shreveport, LA – 2/16/1913

    Redding , William (4 wounded) –Americus, GA – June 21, 1913

    Swanson, Virgil – Greenville , GA – August 27, 1913

    Scott, Marie – Muskogee, OK – March 13, 1914

    Sullivan, Fred & Wife – Byhalia, MS – November 25, 1914

    Reed, Young – Cedar Keys, FL – February 26, 1915

    Sheffield , Caesar – Lake Park, GA – April 17, 1915

    Wilton, Mallie? – Dresden, TN – September 8, 1915

    Stevenson, Cordelia – Columbus, MS – December 18, 1915

    Wasshington, Jesse – Waco, TX - May 15, 1916

    Smith, Bert – Goose Creek, TX - October 12, 1917

    Washington, Berry – Eastman, GA – May, 1919

    Scott, Henry – Atlantic Coastline R/R , FL – May 8, 1920

    Roach, Edward (1896) – Durham, NC – July 8, 1920

    Roland, Jim – Camillia, GA – February 13, 1921

    Slater, Phil (1871) – Monticelle, AR – March 17, 1921

    Smith, Leroy (1907) – McGhee, AR – May 27, 1921

    Williams, John Henry – Moultrie, GA – June 20, 1921

    Winn, Alexander – Coolidge, TX – August 16, 1921

    Wothfield, Jerome – Winstron, NC – August 18, 1921

    Turner, Will – Helena, AR – November 19, 1921

    Rouse, Fred – Armour Packing – Ft. Worth, TX – Dec 12, 1921

    Thomas , Jesse + 1 - Waco, TX – May 27, 1922

    West, John – Hope, AR – July 28, 1922

    Wright, Charles – Perry, FL – September 14, 1922

    Young, Albert – Perry, FL – September 14, 1922

    Scott, James T. – Columbia, MO – April 29, 1923

    Warner, Lloyd – St. Joseph, MO – November 29, 1933

    Thomas, Isaac – Clarksdale, MS – June 9, 1934

    Sanders, James (1909) – Bolton, MS – July 16, 1934

    Young, Ab – Slayden, MS – March 12, 1935

    Tyrone, R.J. – Hattiesburg, MS – April 24, 1935

    Shaw, Lint (1891) – Colbert, GA – April 28, 1934

    Townes, Roosevelt – Duck Hill, MS – October 14, 1934

    Williams, A.C. – Quincy, FL – 1934?

    VICTIMS , THEIR LOCATIONS & DATES

    * UNKNOWN AFRICAN AMERICANS LYNCHED *

    - 1 Person - Eastman, GA Sept 11, 1903

    - 3 Persons – Doddsville, MS Feb 7, 1904

    - 4 Persons – Dady, FL (Also many A/As left town) Aug 4, 1910

    - 2 Persons – Hartwell, GA (1 beaten) Jan 3, 1916

    - 6 Persons - Blakely, GA (Also Lodge & Church Burned) Jan 3, 1916

    * An African-American R/R Porter – Atlantic Coastline R/R (FL) May 8, 1920

    [As pay got better for R/R workers, many A/As Were terrorized or killed – Hence we now have mostly White Railroad Workers]

    * Joe “Pop” – Omaha, NE Oct 10, 1891

    * Ed _____ - Black River Section Of Williamsburg County Jan 13, 1927

    * [Unknown] – Columbus, MS July 22, 1933

    * [Unknown] – Franklinton, LA Jan 11, 1933

    * [Unknown ] – Savannah, GA – March 30, 1902

    Unknown – Wetumpka, AL – November 11, 1912

    A/A Woman – Wagner, OK – April, 1914

    Sea????, ____- Sylvester, GA – January 22, 1916

    One(1) A/A - Stuttgart, AR – Late August , 1916

    A/A Brakeman Yazoo & MS Valley R/R - March 17, 1921

    _____, Albert - Perry, FL – September 14, 1922

    Unknown – Streetman, TX – December 11, 1922 Swa???, Henry – Palm Beach , FL – Circa 1923

    MOBS OUT OF CONTROL

    Places ,Dates & Estimates of the total crowd(s)

    STATE CITY/COUNTY DATE CROWD

    ALABAMA Huntsville 7/23/1900 1,500 Montgomery 5/22/? 1,500

    ARKANSAS Nodema 1/27/1921 500 Texarkana 7/28/1922 100

    DELEWARE Wilmington 6/22/1903 2,000

    FLORIDA Marianna 10/27/1934 7,000

    GEORGIA Newman 4/23/1899 2,000 Rome 1/3/1901 150 Rome 4/1/1902 4,000 Hamilton 1/23/1912 100 Eastman 7/14/1901 50 Americus 6/21/1913 500 Rincon 6/21/1920 5,000 Davisboro 5/18/1922 200 Royston 4/28/1936 100

    KENTUCKY Maysville 12/7/1899 2,000 Versailles 3/13/1921 50

    LOUISIANA Shreveport 6/19/1901 200 Shreveport 8/26/1916 1,000 Sylvester 12/12/1914 200 Bastrop 7/9/1934 3,000 Ringgold 3/1/1933 1,500

    MARYLAND Princess Anne 10/18/1933 3,000 Salisbury 11/28/1933 500

    MOBS OUT OF CONTROL

    Places ,Dates & Estimates of the total crowd(s) STATE CITY/COUNTY DATE CROWD

    MISSISSIPPI Biloxi 6/10/1900 100 Clarksdale 6/9/1934 150 Doddsville 2/7/1904 1,000 Vicksburg 5/15/1919 1,000 Winon 4/13/1937 100

    MISSOURI Columbia 4/29/1923 500 Maryville 1/31/1931 3,000 St. Joseph 11/29/1933 10,000

    NEBRASKA Omaha 10/10/1891 10,000

    NORTH CAROLINA Roxboro 7/8/1920 200 Winston 8/18/1921 2,000

    OHIO Lima 8/31/1916 3,000

    OKLAHOMA Chickasha 5/31/1930 1,000

    SOUTH CAROLINA Columbia 2/18/1900 250

    TENNESSEE Estill Springs 2/12/1918 2,000

    TEXAS Corsicana 3/13/1901 5,000 El Campo ??? 300 Ft. Worth (Armour Packing) 12/17/1921 30 Goose Creek 10/12/1917 800 Houston 2/8/1913 1,000 Houston 6/24/1922 300 Kirvin 5/6/1922 500 Lansing 5/22/1902 4,000 Newton 6/21/1934 200 Palestine 7/31/1910 300 Paris 1/6/1920 3,000 Streetman 12/14/1922 1,500 Waco 5/15/1916 15,000

    MISCELLANEOUS

    1 Mass Exodus Of African Americans – resulting in major losses of properties. a) Yazoo City, MS – August 10, 1923

    2) African Americans Homes and/or Churches Burned a) Sherman , TX – May 10, 1930 b) Winnsboro, SC – June 14, 1932

    HEROES , THEIR LOCATIONS & DATES

    NAME (S) LOCATION DATE

    Sheriff Ely Lima, OH 8/31/1916

    14 Year Old Sheriff’s Daughter Columbia,SC Jan, 1917

    Grover C. Fain (Police Captain) Atlanta,GA 9/10/1930

    Sheriff Hood & 6 Deputies Winnsboro,SC ??

    Police Whitesboro,TX 8/13/1903

    Dr. James W. Reid Lowell, NC 3/26/1933

    Mayor Edward P. Smith Omaha,NE 9/29/1919

    Governor Stanley Murray, KY Jan, 1917

    Sheriff R.J. White Spartanburg,SC 8/18/1913

    [This inspiring poem was featuring in the movie “Coach Carter ”]

    Our Deepest Fear Is Not That We Are Inadequate, Our Deepest Fear Is That We Are Powerful Beyond Measure. It Is Our Light , Not Our Darkness That Most Frightens Us.

    We Ask Ourselves, Who Am I To Be Brilliant, Gorgeous, Talented, And Fabulous ?

    Actually Who Are We Not To Be ? You Are A Child Of God.

    Your Playing Small Doesn’t Serve The World.

    There Is Nothing Enlightened About Shrinking So That Other People Won’t Feel Insecure Around You.

    We Are All Meant To Shine, As Children Do.

    We Were Born To Make Manifest The Glory Of God That Is Within Us.

    It’s Not Just In Some Of Us; It’s In Everyone.

    And When We Let Our Own Light Shine We Unconsciously Give Other People Permission To Do The Same.

    And As We Are Liberated From Our Own Fear, Our Presence Automatically Liberates Others

    - Marianne Williamson -

    [NOTE – BEING AFRAID AND REFUSING TO GET INVOLVED WON’T STOP US FROM DYING. BUT BEING AFRAID CAN PREVENT US FROM LIVING]

    (Nkosi Sikeleli Africa )

    God bless Africa May her glory be lifted high Hear our petitions .

    God bless us, Your children God we ask You to protect our nation Intervene and end all conflicts Protect us, protect our nation, our nation.

    From the blue of our heaven, From the depths of our sea, Over our eternal mountain ranges, Where the cliffs give answer.

    Sounds the call to come together, And united we shall stand, Let us live and strive for freedom, In South Africa our land.

    [Enoch Mankayi Sontonga]

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    WAKE UP ! STAY UP MY BROTHERS & SISTERS ! BE SELF-SUFFICIENT IN THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN.

    - Life Is a Game. Have Fun. [ Luke 18:17 / Isaiah 11:6 ]