The Nation (Nairobi)

Africa: Experts Unveil New Malaria Testing Kits

A newly-developed microscope, complete with ready-to-use malaria test slides, on display at the malaria conference in Nairobi. (Photo Courtesy Hezron Njoroge/Nation)

Nairobi — Newly developed malaria testing technologies could help shift diagnoses from the current hit or miss management to treating only the confirmed cases.

The Rapid Testing Kits, of which several brands are on display at the ongoing international malaria conference in Nairobi, take less than five minutes to diagnose a case.

The kits which are already being tested by the World Health Organisation in five countries can be widely used at community level, requiring little skills and no expensive storage systems.

Endemic areas

Current diagnoses for malaria include a microscope test, equipment that are not available in most government hospitals. Consequently any case of fever in endemic areas is managed as malaria in what is called presumptive treatment.

"This is very wasteful considering the drugs in use are very expensive. We could save enormous amounts of money if we only treated confirmed cases," says Dr Joe Lines of WHO at a press briefing on Monday.

In a study to be presented later in the week, public health facilities across the country lack trained personnel and equipment to implement laboratory-based malaria diagnostic treatment.

When the study team from the health ministries sampled 56 facilities across the country, more than half of laboratory staff was found not to have been trained in diagnosing malaria while 77 per cent of laboratories experienced chronic stock-outs of essential diagnostic supplies.

Subsidised drugs

The use of the new and highly effective drugs has not been taken up sufficiently because of the high cost in the private sector, according to a study presented by Population Services International.

While deliberations continue on how to make the new drugs more accessible, Kenya has its fingers crossed as global financiers decide in two weeks on which country will receive highly subsidised malaria drugs.

Speaking at the ongoing international conference on Monday, the director of Malaria Control Team at the Clinton Foundation, Dr Oliver Sabot, said the Board of Directors of Global Fund would be meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in about two weeks to decide which countries will benefit from cheaper malaria drugs.

If Kenya becomes eligible for this programme, then it means that the artemesinine combination drugs like Coartem, which costs Sh500 for a dose of an adult person on the retail market could now cost as little as Sh25.

However, the experts were not sure whether Kenya's bad record on accountability of Global Fund money would affect the country's eligibility.

So far, only 11 countries have been invited to take part in the experimental programme, Kenya included. The other nine are from Africa, and the other one is Cambodia. They include Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Madagascar, Benin, Niger, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana. Yet not all of them will be eligible for the programme.

Following a survey by the ACT Watch, it was discovered that only three children out of a 100 suffering from malaria access the Artemesinin Combined Therapy, which is so far the most effective treatment for malaria.

"It is a sad reality to learn that up to 97 per cent of children below the age of five suffering from malaria do not access the effective drugs for the disease treatment within 24 hours presentation of malaria symptoms," said the expert.

The survey further found out that in most cases, people in the most affected countries sought to buy anti-malarial drugs from private clinics where the drugs were either missing or they were too expensive. In the meantime, only 40 per cent of mothers sought help from the public sector.

Effective treatment

Initially, the Global Fund has been pumping money into the public sector alone to buy drugs for managing malaria.

So far, all the government hospitals and health centres in Kenya provide anti-malarial drugs free of charge to everybody.

However, the ACT Watch says that provision of the drugs to the public sector alone has promoted either the use of artemesinin mono-therapy, or use of obsolete drugs that are no longer effective for malaria treatment.

Rolling off of a programme to provide highly subsidised anti-malarial drugs comes after a recent study in Uganda and Tanzania indicated that subsidised drugs improved uptake of the drugs in good time by more than 50 per cent.


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Comments 1 to 4 of 4 Post a comment

  • wlwccg
    Nov 3 2009, 00:41

    At what point are we going to insist on using DDT to combat malaria. With over a million people dying of this disease, why don't we return to the use of the most effective way of undoing this major problem. The environmentalists have blood on their hands for having this banned, and should be required to first hand observe this malady. God bless the people of Africa for all they have suffered. Bill, Whittier, CA

  • foryohjonathan0000
    Nov 3 2009, 10:34

    As long as we "Africans" have some puppit leaders in Africa, the Africans living in Africa will continue to suffer, perish and die. That means, with the help of our puppit leaders DDT will never be use to combat this cronic desease that is ravaging and massively killing our people. Why selling your prestige, dignity, the country, the continent and the lives of your people for mediocre aids that can ONLY last for one day ???? Why?? Africa needs to invest in her people for a last and everlasting good standard of living and development.. May God Bless Africa..

  • upliftdarace_144
    Nov 4 2009, 07:37

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