Since the emergence of TB and HIV co-infections, public health officials have been asking the same questions-how do we screen for, diagnose, and prevent TB in people living with HIV? An article tries to answer this question.

Deaths from TB in in people living with HIV continue unabated. In 2010, approximately 1000 PWAs died per day of TB, a treatable, preventable disease.

In this issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Hanifa et al. again highlight this problem.

The vast literature on this topic leads us to two conclusions: 1) for some scientific questions, studies keep finding the same answers; here, we must focus on closing the gap between what we know and what we do; and 2) despite extensive study, some important questions remain about how best to prevent TB deaths in PWHA.

The article by Hanifa et al. meets the highest standards for a study of TB diagnosis in PWHA.