As a principle, some copyright laws provide for exceptions and limitations or fair dealing, which grant users the rights to use protected works without seeking authorisations.
These exceptions are based on international agreements such as the TRIPS - the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The fair use doctrine forms the foundation for facilitating research and education - as it removes would-be legal barriers to content. Similar provisions are made in the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (CNR) Act 2006.
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