Malaria causes more than one million deaths each year and exerts an enormous health and economic toll on developing nations. The estimated cost to Africa alone is more than $12 billion per year in lost (GDP)1. As malaria-related deaths rose in the 1990s, so did calls for more funding to fight the disease. Despite the historic and continuously high disease burden malaria imposes, little has been known about the amount of funding dedicated globally to research and development (R&D) of new tools to prevent and treat malaria. In 2005, the Malaria R&D Alliance, a global coalition of research and development organizations working to find new and improved solutions to combat malaria, conducted a survey of malaria R&D investment, the results of which are presented in this study.