The success of Mobile Money Services (MMS) led many Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) around the world to venture into offering similar products. In Africa, the dwindling revenues in the mobile telephone voice business as well as the proliferation of mobile phone handsets further enticed the operators to undertake the provision of mobile money. This Brief discusses the increasing importance of mobile money services, associated regulation of the sector and the actions needed to create an enabling environment for these services to continue growing in Africa asmechanisms for social inclusion and poverty reduction.