Khartoum — Sudan's opposition has witnessed various calls and initiatives to overcome divisions and form a united front against the military junta that took power in the October 25 military coup. The resistance committees are working on unifying two charters, but the Forcer for Freedom and Change-Central Council refused to merge theirs.
Sudan's opposition forces have repeatedly called for more unity in the past months to overthrow the military junta and create more peace and stability in Sudan amidst a political landscape that continues to be divided.
The joint technical committee for the unification of the political charters of the resistance committees in Sudan called on the Sudanese people and all the resistance committees in the country to stand united around the democratic unity of the resistance committees and their political charters and "to participate in the making of the present and future of Sudan".
In a statement on Friday, the joint committee called on the people to actively participate in the discussions that will be organised by the resistance committees, whose members are active in neighbourhoods and villages in Sudan.
They appealed to the people to raise their visions and proposals on the two charters (the Revolutionary Charter for People's Power (RCPP) and the Charter for the Establishment of the People's Authority (CEPA)) "to produce a unified charter that expresses the aspirations and desires of our people for freedom, peace, and a decent life".
Resistance committees charter unification
The resistance committees of Khartoum and Wad Madani each published their own charter with their vision for a democratic civilian-led Sudan.
The resistance committees in Wad Madani launched the Revolutionary Charter for People's Power (RCPP) in mid-January whilst the Khartoum resistance committees proposed the Charter for the Establishment of the People's Authority (CEPA) in late February and signed it mid-may.
Both charters call for civilian-led democratic governance and prioritise social justice. However, they slightly differ in the tools they propose to implement these values.
The Sudanese resistance committees have been working on unifying both charters since June, to create a common stance. Originally, the deadline for the merging of the two charters was set to be July 5, but there were some disagreements.
Unifying all charters
There has also been a proposal to unify all charters by groups opposing the military junta that took power in the October 25 military coup.
The Forces for Freedom and Change-Central Council (FFC-CC), for example, also published their own charter earlier this month. They expressed their desire to consult with the resistance committees, although these have often felt excluded by the FFC.
On Sunday, the FFC-CC told Medameek Newspaper that they reject "the proposal to merge all initiatives put forward in the political arena into a single initiative" to end the political crisis and the constitutional vacuum.
El Wasig El Bereir, leading members of the FFC-CC, affirmed that his group "rejects the proposal to unify the various initiatives because it is unproductive and will not lead to a radical solution to the crisis".
'The FFC-CC rejects the proposal to unify the various initiatives because it is unproductive and will not lead to a radical solution to the crisis' - El Wasig El Bereir
Support for unification
The United Sudanese Revolutionary Forces Abroad (USRFA) centre announced its support for a unified charter of the resistance committees.
The group said in a statement that "all revolutionary organisations affiliated with the centre declare their full solidarity and support for a unified charter, to establish the authority of the people for the first time".
The centre also announced its support for the ongoing discussions about the unified political charter and explained that the charter is now to reach the final version.
The group appealed to "all Sudanese people and the revolutionary forces to support the charter and its democratic demands".
The USRFA also supported the Resistance Committees' efforts to prepare for a comprehensive civil disobedience action in the form of a nationwide "political strike".
Khaled Omar Yousef, who was Minister of Cabinet Affairs in the Sudanese transitional government under former PM Abdallah Hamdok, also stressed the importance for creating a unified opposition in Sudan.
Hetold Asharq Al Awsat newspaper that the junta authorities are portraying Sudan's political crisis "as a dispute between the civil [revolutionary] forces over papers or pacts," but that this is fundamentally untrue.
"The causes of the crisis are the October 25 coup and the forces that stand with it, who insist on clinging to power even if this leads to the fragmentation of the country," he explained.
Yousef explained that this situation can only be ended by "unifying the forces of the revolution itself" because "the nature of the current conflict is between two camps, the camp of the coup and the camp of the forces opposed to it".
'The political crisis can only be ended by unifying the forces of the revolution itself' - Khaled Omar Yousef
He further explained that the coup authorities, including remnants of the former dictatorial regime of Omar Al Bashir, are behind a number of initiatives that seek to impose a new reality "by confusing the scene with initiatives that aim to produce a formal civilian government in which the army maintains control from behind a curtain".
One such initiative is the Sudan People's Call initiative, which called for the army to assume political power in Sudan. The round table conference mainly involved the dignitaries of the former regime from the banned National Congress Party (NCP) and their allied groups. All of them hailed the October coup and expressed their political support for the military leaders who they perceive as their 'saviours'.
Divisions
Calls to establish more unity between different opposition groups come after plenty of disagreements and splits in Sudan's political landscape,
Recently, 12 political and activist groups including the Communist Party of Sudan (CPoS), the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA), and the Sudanese Women's Union formed the Alliance of Forces for Radical Change (AFRC).
This alliance does not include the FCC. According to Mohamed El Khateeb of the CPoS their exclusion is a result of their sympathy towards a power-sharing government with the military.
Activists further criticised the FFC in their dealing with the resistance committees concerning failed plans to establish a Legislative Council in late 2020, in particular with regard to representation quotas for the resistance committees.
In response, the FFC-CC stressed that it stands with the democratic transition and the overthrow of the coup and will not accept any initiative that keeps the putschists in power.
The FFC itself split up earlier this year into the FFC-CC and the Forces for Freedom and Change-National Accord (FFC-NA), also called the National Accord Forces (NAF).
The split-off group has always been keen on including the military in any agreements. The NAF is dominated by rebel groups that signed the Juba Peace Agreement and support the coup d'état of October 25 last year. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is an ally.
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The group, which announced its new structure in April, is presided by Mohamed Ardol, the former spokesmen for the Sudan People Liberation Movement-North in South Kordofan, who became director of the Sudanese Company for Mineral Resources during the rule of dictator Omar Al Bashir and his Islamist National Congress Party (NCP)
Because Ardol moved away from the SPLM-N and became director of the Sudanese Company for Mineral Resources with friendly ties to the then-ruling NCP, Sudanese social media activists regularly call someone whom they consider a defector from the revolutionary course or any politician they do not trust 'Ardoli' or 'Ardolian'.
The FFC-NA presented their own vision for a democratic Sudan last week.
In eastern Sudan, a conference was held to solve the political crisis in the region, but both grassroots resistance groups and the High Council of Beja Nazirs and Independent Chieftains opposed the conference. The latter opposed the conference's willingness to follow the Eastern Sudan Track protocol, which they have opposed since it was first agreed upon as part of the 2020 Juba Peace Agreement.
The Beja council highlighted that the FFC-NA and the Sudan People's Call support the suspension of the Eastern Sudan Protocol.
Activists opposed the conference because they saw it as "an attempt to search for a foothold in authority after reaching a settlement that will keep the putschists in power".
A workshop by the Darfur Bar Association (DBA) envisioning a new transitional constitutional framework, which saw widespread participation from the FFC and DUP, concluded with a set of recommendations, including distancing the military from politics. The workshop, however, was attacked by lawyers affiliated with the Al Bashir regime and associates of various other right-wing political groups.
