The broader determinants of health in South Africa, such as poverty, gender inequality, housing, water and sanitation, and education, are deeply intertwined with the country's persistent health challenges. Tackling these root causes of poor health is crucial for achieving sustainable and equitable health outcomes.

South Africa's healthcare system is in dire need of a comprehensive overhaul to tackle its disease burden. The NHI Bill, signed into law on 15 May 2024, is a crucial topic of debate, aiming to ensure universal access to quality healthcare in line with constitutional mandates.

As a United Nations member committed to universal health coverage (UHC) principles, South Africa faces significant challenges due to its dual-tiered healthcare system. While the National Health Insurance (NHI) is a crucial element, the discussions surrounding healthcare financing and management are intricate and multifaceted, with various viewpoints on its efficacy.

The advent of a new coalition government presents a chance to re-evaluate these complexities. To effectively address structural and historical healthcare challenges, it is vital to consider additional factors and emerging trends in the ongoing healthcare reform discourse.

Expanding healthcare coverage not necessarily tied to social determinants of health approach

UHC covers the entire continuum of essential health services under primary healthcare (PHC), from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care.

While the concept is meant to be holistic, it is often viewed as a standalone health sector initiative, failing to address the broader determinants of health, such as poverty, gender inequality...