We stand at a thrilling precipice in the fight against HIV/AIDS. For the first time in history, the end of this devastating epidemic is within our grasp. This isn't just hopeful thinking – it's a real possibility, thanks to an expanding basket of options that are revolutionizing our approach to HIV prevention.
In recent years, we've seen remarkable advancements such as oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which has proven highly effective when taken consistently. Long-acting injectable PrEP, like cabotegravir, offers protection for months at a time and address some of the challenges that daily regimens present. Promising research is underway for PrEP implants and antibody infusions, which could provide even longer-lasting protection.
But today, I want to highlight a groundbreaking addition that is discreet and doesn't require women to ask permission from their partners to use it: the dapivirine vaginal ring. The ring symbolizes a shift towards truly empowering women in HIV prevention. It is the first long-acting, non-systemic, women-controlled HIV prevention method. Women in six African countries, through 30 pilot projects, can now tap into this new product.
Unfortunately, a major obstacle remains: the women and girls in the region who urgently need the products, particularly the dapivirine ring, cannot actually access them.
One young woman from Malawi who wrote to me said, “I do not have access to the ring, but it would help me have control of my health by giving me protection against HIV and it would give me peace of mind.”
Another young woman wrote, “I have tried to access the ring for over a year now since I heard about it, but sadly I could not have access to it because it’s not yet approved to be used in Tanzania.”
Another, in Zambia, says, “I have not tried the ring. I don’t have access because it is not accessible in my country. But it will help me achieve my goals.”
The problem is that the only way to access this product is through one of these pilot research projects. Women hear about the ring and ask their healthcare providers about it, but then they can't obtain the product to safeguard their health.
We need to do better because HIV/AIDS is a serious problem for women in sub-Saharan Africa. According to the UN, 82% of all adolescent girls and young women (ages 15-24) globally who acquired HIV in 2022 live in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, in the 19 sub-Saharan African countries with a high burden of HIV infections, less than half of all locations with high HIV incidence have dedicated HIV prevention programmes that serve adolescent girls and young women.
I believe the ring can be a critical component of these services. Made of flexible silicone, the ring slowly releases the antiretroviral drug dapivirine in the vagina over one month. It was developed to provide long-acting prevention for women so that they could choose a method that best suited their lifestyle. A dapivirine ring that would work for three months is also undergoing the final stages of research.
Recent research has confirmed the importance of choice. After using both the ring and oral PrEP for six months each, 67% of the participants chose the ring, 31% chose oral PrEP, and only 2% chose to use neither. Simply put, we need to make sure women have better access to the ring.
In Eswatini, access will be scaled up once the pilot projects there have concluded and we expect that the other five countries with pilot projects — Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe — will do so as well.
I'm encouraged to see that Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, and Rwanda have provided regulatory approvals for the ring, or authorisation for its use, through import permits. A South African pharmaceutical company plans on manufacturing the ring locally, which would lower the cost of the product.
It is also very exciting that, at the 25th International AIDS Conference, the Children Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) and the Global Fund announced an initiative of US $2 million to purchase approximately 150,000 dapivirine vaginal rings for countries that implement the Global Fund’s grants.
We need more commitments to rapid and widespread implementation of the dapivirine ring beyond the pilot projects, from policymakers, governments, and global health organisations. The success of these pilots should trigger automatic scale-up plans in each country now especially that there is available funding. I urge health ministries to work closely with NGOs and community organisations to develop comprehensive rollout strategies that reach beyond urban centres into rural and underserved areas.
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But the ring is just one piece of the puzzle. We must ensure that the full range of prevention options are made readily available to women and girls. As part of my work with Advocates for the Prevention of HIV in Africa (APHA), we launched the Choice Manifesto to challenge and hold policymakers and governments accountable.
Equity must be at the forefront of these efforts. It is unacceptable that African women and girls, who have contributed their bodies and time to research studies, often face the greatest barriers in accessing the very interventions they helped develop. Instead, they should receive preferential access and pricing.
The time for half-measures and pilot projects is over. We need bold, comprehensive action to make the full range of HIV prevention options available to every woman and girl who needs them. Their lives and futures depend on the actions we take today.
Yvette Raphael is a co-founder and Executive Director of Advocacy for Prevention of HIV in Africa (APHA) in South Africa.
