Nestlé is still adding sugar to most baby cereals sold across Africa, according to an investigation by campaigners who have accused the company of "putting the health of African babies at risk for profit".
The food firm was accused of "double standards" over the researchers' findings, which come at a time when rates of childhood obesity are rising on the continent, prompting calls for Nestlé to remove all added sugar from baby-food products.
Nestlé described the investigation, from Public Eye, a Swiss group that calls itself a global justice organisation, as "misleading". A company spokesperson says having cereals sweet enough to be palatable to infants was vital in combating malnutrition. The firm says their recipes were well within limits set by national regulations in the countries concerned.
Public Eye researchers worked with activists in more than 20 African countries to buy 94 samples of Cerelac products marketed for babies aged six months and above, which were sent to a laboratory for analysis.
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The laboratory found added sugar in more than 90% of baby cereals, with an average of 6g, or one-and-a-half teaspoons, per serving.
Most products without added sugar were imported, they said, and had originally been intended for sale in Europe, apart from two variants recently launched in South Africa.
The amount of added sugar identified ranged from about 5g a serving for products found in Egypt, Madagascar, South Africa, Malawi and Nigeria to 7.5g in a product sold in Kenya.
World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines on foods for children under three recommend they should contain "no added sugars or sweetening agents", in part because of the risk of creating long-term preferences for sweetened foods.
An investigation by Public Eye published in April 2024 found Nestlé was adding sugar and honey to infant milk and cereal products sold in Asia, Africa and Latin America, when equivalent products in richer countries had no added sugar.
In a letter to Nestlé's chief executive Philipp Navratil, 12 African civil society and consumer organisations say: "You know how to do things differently. But you made a deliberate decision to feed children in Africa with less healthy options."
After Public Eye's 2024 investigation, Nestlé said it had an ambition to introduce versions of Cerelac with no added sugar in all markets.
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However, campaigners said this was "too little, too late", and called for the company to stop adding sugar to baby foods.
They added: "By adding sugar to infant cereals, Nestlé is putting the health of African babies at risk for profit." Accusing the firm of playing a part in "a preventable public health catastrophe", they said an epidemic of diet-related non-communicable diseases was spreading across the continent.
Peggy Diby, global head of corporate affairs for Nestlé Nutrition, says: "These are unfounded allegations and insinuate actions that are contrary to all our values. We disagree with the Public Eye report. It is misleading. We do not have double standards when it comes to early childhood nutrition."
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