Two night-time drone strikes by the Malian army on 17 March killed at least 13 civilians, including seven children aged between two and 17, in Amasrakad, Gao region, and left more than a dozen people injured, according to eyewitness accounts gathered by Amnesty International.
A communiqué issued by the Malian army described the strikes, as "having contributed to neutralizing many terrorists and some of their vehicles". But this claim is refuted by the seven survivors and witnesses Amnesty International spoke to. After an initial strike hit a Toyota Hilux, a second struck a flimsy makeshift shelter where local residents had sought refuge, killing nine people instantly.
Elghas*, who lost several relatives during the second strike, told Amnesty International:
"I didn't hear the first strike. I was still asleep, but the people in my house had rushed to a neighbouring family for protection. It was afterwards that one of my sons came back and woke me up and told me about the car that had been targeted by the first strike. I followed him to the other compound where people had taken refuge. The second strike hit when I reached the entrance to the compound. I froze and I could see the flames around the shelter. It took me a while to get into the compound and head for the victims. My wife and six of my children were sheltering there and they were all killed by the strike. The other victims were friends and acquaintances who were simply seeking protection in that compound."
My wife and six of my children were sheltering there and they were all killed by the strike. The other victims were friends and acquaintances who were simply seeking protection in that compound.Elghas Victims' relative
"The Malian authorities must abide by their responsibilities under international law, which requires all parties to an armed conflict to distinguish between civilians and combatants and refrain from conducting targeted or indiscriminate attacks against civilians," said Samira Daoud, Amnesty International's Regional Director for West & Central Africa.
"It is unconscionable that whole families could be killed by drone strikes, without any accountability or justice. Authorities in Mali must ensure an effective and independent investigation into the killings of these civilians."
It is unconscionable that whole families could be killed by drone strikes, without any accountability or justice. Authorities in Mali must ensure an effective and independent investigation into the killings of these civilians."Samira Daoud, Amnesty International's Regional Director for West & Central Africa.
The Malian government has intensified military operations against Al-Qaida, Islamic state and former rebel groups, since mid-2023. As part of these operations, the military regularly conducts drone strikes. An upsurge in military operations in the regions of Kidal and Gao over the last few months has led to many people from neighbouring regions fleeing to Amasrakad for refuge.
Eyewitnesses and survivors told Amnesty International that another person died of their wounds while receiving medical treatment in Amasrakad. Two days after the drone strike, a woman who was injured in the attack discovered that her unborn foetus had died.
Attacked while seeking protection.
One survivor, Aghaly*, told Amnesty International that the first strike took place at night while everyone was asleep.
"I was woken up by a loud bang and screams to leave [the compound]. Me and my cousins had to evacuate our grandmother urgently from the compound. This was the first strike of the night which happened around 1 am. It targeted a Toyota Hilux vehicle that was not 15-20 metres from our house. This vehicle serves the purpose of the health center and is only used for that purpose."
He said many neighbours and fellow townspeople fled to a shelter within a compound that did not have cars or vehicles around, believing that being far from the vehicles would protect them from strikes. But the compound was targeted in a second strike which killed nine people instantly.
"Bodies were shredded and strewn across the yard and it was hard to identify them. Two other women would succumb within the hour from their injuries, bringing the number of dead to 11 overnight. Around 11 people were injured, some of whom were suffering from severe first degree burns and serious injuries caused by shrapnel. All these people are relatives and acquaintances with whom I have grown up or seen grow. None of them are part of an armed group to warrant that strike."
Bodies were shredded and strewn across the yard and it was hard to identify them. Two other women would succumb within the hour from their injuries, bringing the number of dead to 11 overnight.Eyewitness account
Civilian objects such as vehicles used by health centres are protected against attack under international humanitarian law (IHL), unless they are used for military objectives. Restraint and precaution must guide all decisions on targeting objects. The destruction of a logistical vehicle of the Amasrakad health centre by a drone strike is thus a violation of IHL.
Alghabass*, whose daughter was wounded, told Amnesty International:
"All night long, all we did was piece together body parts, heads and limbs scattered all over the place. My daughter was seriously injured and is in critical condition in hospital in Gao. What did we do to deserve this? To be bombed in the middle of the night?"
The town of Amasrakad, located 160 kms northeast from the city of Gao, is at a crossroads linking the northern regions of Gao, Kidal and Menaka, where the Malian army, supported by forces belonging to a Russian private military company, have been actively involved against the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD) and the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (GSIM). In November, the Malian army and its allies retook the city of Kidal from the CSP-PSD, which had held it for 10 years. Over the past months, many internally displaced persons (IDPs) from neighbouring Menaka [region] and [Kidal] have sought protection, from the fighting, among relatives in Amasrakad.
Amnesty International calls on the Malian army to establish and publish clear guidelines on the use of drones during military operations and to make sure their impact on civilians is minimized. Killing civilians who are not directly participating in hostilities violates both international humanitarian law and the right to life.
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In the case of Amasrakad, launching an attack in the knowledge that it will cause excessive incidental civilian loss, injury, or damage, may amount to a war crime.
"Authorities in Mali must be transparent about their rules of engagement on the use of drones, especially when used for targeted killings," said Samira Daoud. "We call on them to publicly disclose information about the use and impact of armed drones, including the number of drone strikes, broken down by location and the number of civilians and combatants killed or injured following these strikes, as well as the criteria used to distinguish these two categories."
Authorities in Mali must be transparent about their rules of engagement on the use of drones, especially when used for targeted killingsSamira Daoud
*Names changed
Background
The attack on Amasrakad took place nearly two years after the Moura massacre (27 March-31 March 2022) when Malian soldiers launched a joint siege with forces belonging to a Russian private military company against the village of Moura. At least 500 persons were extrajudicially executed, and 58 women were victims of sexual violence during the massacre, according to the OHCHR. While the Mopti military tribunal announced an investigation into the killings in April 2022 after national and international uproar, no substantive progress has been made to date and no individual has been sanctioned.
On 23 March, another drone strike was launched against the village of Douna (Mondoro, Mopti, Mali) allegedly killing fourteen civilians, including children, according to media reports.
