The quest for state creation in Nigeria has always been fraught with intense debates, political maneuvering, and calls for equitable representation.
Among the numerous demands, the clamour for Anioma State stands out as a compelling case rooted in justice, equity, and the urgent need to address the systemic marginalisation of the South-East region. The Constitution Amendment Committee of the Tenth National Assembly bears an immense responsibility: to finally rectify the glaring imbalance in Nigeria's federal structure and ensure that Anioma State becomes a reality.
The South East, comprising Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States, remains the only geopolitical zone with five states. In contrast, other zones boast either six or seven states, which translates to fewer federal allocations, reduced representation in the National Assembly, and diminished political influence. This structural inequity is more than a numerical discrepancy; it is a deep-seated historical injustice that has hindered the development of the South-East and perpetuated feelings of marginalisation. The creation of Anioma State would not only address these disparities but also serve as a significant step toward national integration and cohesion.
Anioma, the Igbo-speaking area of Delta State, has long sought recognition as a distinct state. This aspiration is not new; it dates back to Nigeria's independence when Anioma leaders actively participated in state creation movements. Despite meeting the requirements outlined in Section 8 of the 1999 Constitution for state creation, the Anioma people have watched successive governments sideline their legitimate demands. This neglect underscores the urgent need for the Tenth National Assembly to demonstrate the political will to right this wrong and bring Anioma State into existence.
Anioma's cultural, historical, and linguistic ties with the South-East are undeniable. Despite being administratively located in Delta State, the Anioma people identify primarily as Igbos, tracing their ancestry and heritage to the Igbo heartland. The creation of Anioma State would rectify the artificial administrative divisions imposed during colonial rule and subsequent state delineations, restoring the cultural integrity of the Anioma people within the South-East. This move would also reinforce the unity of the Igbo people, who have historically been fragmented by political and administrative boundaries.
Balancing Nigeria's federal structure is crucial for national unity and stability. The creation of Anioma State would harmonise the number of states across Nigeria's geopolitical zones, fostering a sense of inclusivity and national cohesion. A balanced federation reduces the perception of marginalisation and strengthens the bonds of unity. By addressing the South- East's underrepresentation, the National Assembly would send a strong message that Nigeria's diversity is its strength and that every region matters equally.
Economic viability is often cited as a criterion for state creation, and Anioma undoubtedly meets this benchmark. The region boasts fertile agricultural land, abundant natural resources, and a dynamic population. With Asaba as its potential capital, Anioma State could leverage its proximity to Onitsha-a major commercial hub-to become an economic powerhouse in the South East. Creating Anioma State would stimulate investment, create jobs, and enhance infrastructural development, benefitting not just the South-East but Nigeria as a whole. The proposed state's economic potential is evident in its thriving markets, industrious populace, and strategic location as a gateway between the South-East and the Niger Delta.
The marginalisation of the Igbo people has been a recurring theme in Nigeria's post-independence history. From the devastating effects of the Nigerian Civil War to the exclusionary policies in federal appointments and resource allocation, the Igbo have borne the brunt of systemic neglect. Creating Anioma State would be a symbolic and practical step towards healing these wounds and ensuring that all ethnic groups have equal opportunities to thrive. It would signal a commitment to equity and justice, demonstrating that Nigeria is willing to address historical grievances and promote inclusivity.
Research findings on political marginalisation reveal that unequal representation in governance structures exacerbates feelings of alienation and undermines national unity. The South-East's marginalisation is evident in various indices. With only five states, the South- East receives significantly less federal allocation compared to zones with six or seven states. This disparity affects critical infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other vital sectors. Legislative representation is another area of concern. The zone's underrepresentation in the Senate and House of Representatives limits its influence on national policymaking, leaving it at a disadvantage in debates and decisions that shape the country's future.
Federal infrastructure in the South-East lags behind other regions, with dilapidated roads, insufficient healthcare facilities, and underfunded educational institutions. Addressing such disparities requires deliberate actions, including state creation. Comparative analyses of countries that have resolved similar marginalisation issues show that decentralisation and equitable resource distribution are effective strategies. For instance, India's state reorganisation efforts have fostered regional autonomy and reduced ethnic tensions. Nigeria can draw lessons from these examples to address the grievances of the South-East.
The 1999 Constitution provides a clear framework for state creation. Anioma's quest meets the constitutional criteria, including population size, economic viability, and historical and cultural identity. The Anioma people have demonstrated overwhelming support for their cause through petitions, town hall meetings, and resolutions passed by traditional and political leaders. By approving Anioma State, the National Assembly would uphold the principles of fairness and justice enshrined in the Constitution and reaffirm its commitment to equitable governance.
The Constitution Amendment Committee of the Tenth National Assembly has a historic opportunity to redefine Nigeria's federalism by addressing the structural imbalance that has long disadvantaged the South-East. Lawmakers must prioritise equity over political expediency and recognise that creating Anioma State aligns with Nigeria's broader goals of inclusivity and sustainable development. The creation of Anioma State would set a precedent for resolving other longstanding demands for state creation, such as those from the Middle Belt and South West. It would signal that Nigeria's democracy is mature enough to correct historical wrongs and promote inclusive governance.
Beyond the political and economic dimensions, the creation of Anioma State would have profound social and psychological impacts. It would foster a sense of pride and belonging among the Anioma people, who have long felt like strangers within their own administrative region. By granting them their long-sought recognition, Nigeria would affirm its commitment to every citizen's dignity and right to self-determination. The ripple effects of such a move would extend beyond the South-East, inspiring other marginalised groups to seek constructive engagement with the federal structure.
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Nigeria's strength lies in its diversity. However, this diversity must be managed through equitable representation and resource allocation. Addressing the South-East's grievances by creating Anioma State would set a precedent for resolving other longstanding demands for state creation, such as those from the Middle Belt and South-West. It would signal that Nigeria's democracy is mature enough to correct historical wrongs and promote inclusive governance. Moreover, creating Anioma State would have ripple effects on national politics. It would encourage marginalised groups to engage constructively with the federal system, knowing that their voices can lead to tangible outcomes. This inclusivity is essential for fostering a sense of belonging and reducing ethnic tensions.
The call for Anioma State is not merely a regional demand; it is a national imperative. The Tenth National Assembly has a unique chance to make history by addressing the systemic inequities that have long marginalised the South-East. Creating Anioma State would honour the aspirations of the Anioma people, rectify Nigeria's geopolitical imbalance, and strengthen the nation's unity.
The Constitution Amendment Committee must rise above political considerations and act in the interest of justice and equity. Approving Anioma State would not only validate the sacrifices and aspirations of the Igbo people but also reinforce Nigeria's commitment to building a truly inclusive and equitable federation. In doing so, the Tenth National Assembly would leave an indelible legacy of courage and statesmanship for generations to come.
·Onwubiko was Head of the Human Rights Writers Association of Nigeria and National Commissioner of the National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria
