Emerging North–South Tensions and Prospects for a Return to War reviews North-­South relations two-and-half years after the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, focusing on the security sector. Its central thesis is that the agreement is facing a crisis stemming from the lack of trust between the parties and the upcoming and contentious border demarcation, census, elections and referendum on secession for the South, which will determine control of key resources. It reviews the build-up of troops along the shared border, suggesting that both sides may be preparing for a return to war and that economic considerations, in particular access to oil, are central to this.