Support for universal health coverage (UHC) - ensuring "that all people obtain the health services they need, of good quality, without suff ering fi nancial hardship when paying for them" is fast gaining momentum. The World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank and many developing and donor countries have already adopted UHC as their top health priority. This report focuses on how and why inequity - unfair and avoidable inequalities - should be prioritised as countries progress on the path towards UHC.