This report argues that the question is not whether Africa can industrialize by ignoring its commodities, but rather how it can use them to add value, new services and tech nological capabilities-although this may not apply to all African countries and should not be the only way African resource-rich countries industrialize. Making the most of Africa's commodities requires appropriate development planning frameworks and effective industrial policies that are evidence based and take into account what influences linkage breadth and depth, as well as the structural and country-specific linkage drivers.