Valued at anywhere between U.S.$7- and U.S.$23 billion per annum1, illegal wildlife trade is quoted by the World Economic Forum as one of the most profitable criminal enterprises worldwide, alongside arms dealing, drugs, and human trafficking, yet it lacks prominence as a financial crime. In South Africa, by way of example, between January and December 2019, 332 arrests were made, and more than 57 major investigations completed for rhino poaching and rhino horn trafficking alone. These investigations led to 139 convictions, with sentences ranging from two to 15 years, with another six convicted felons receiving sentences of over 15 years.

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