Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in 2005, ending two decades of war between Sudan’s central government and the Southern-based Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army. The CPA shares wealth and power between Sudan’s powerful centre, newly autonomous South, and Sudan’s other vast, diverse, impoverished peripheries. The bold peace gave new legitimacy to the two parties, who agreed to face their first competitive elections in 2009. Southern Sudan will have referendum on self-determination in 2011.