South Sudan is once again on the brink of catastrophe. By mid-2025, the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (''the Revitalized Agreement'') lay in tatters, as the country spiralled into renewed conflict marked by aerial bombardments by the South Sudan Peoples Defence Forces (SSPDF), arbitrary political detentions of key opposition leaders, as well as armed clashes between signatory parties, and former allies. Killed, displaced and starved, civilians are bearing the brunt of the human rights crisis, while violence by SSPDF in populated civilian areas signals a return to full-scale war. Prospects for a credible and democratic leadership transition have been severely compromised, even as the grave failure of State responsibility and international inaction precipitate a preventable humanitarian emergency, marked by renewed famine alerts.